The state of Tamil Nadu is 130,058 square km. It has 29 districts and a population of 72 million people. That is roughly the size of Peninsular Malaysia and more than triple the population here.
Although Tamil Nadu is not the biggest state in India, it is still a large state with a large population.
During the last decade, political organisations like Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) and Kongunadu Munnetra Kalagam (KMK) have called for the state to be divided into smaller states.
The usual call is to either bifurcate or trifurcate the state by using the Kaveri river (and Amaravathi & Kollidam) as natural boundary(s).
If we were to refer back to ancient political geography of Tamil Nadu, the state can be also divided into the following 5 smaller states. This includes the Union Territory of Puducherry.
Thondai Naadu
Nadu Naadu
Kongu Naadu
Chola Naadu
Pandya Naadu
Although Tamil Nadu is not the biggest state in India, it is still a large state with a large population.
During the last decade, political organisations like Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) and Kongunadu Munnetra Kalagam (KMK) have called for the state to be divided into smaller states.
The usual call is to either bifurcate or trifurcate the state by using the Kaveri river (and Amaravathi & Kollidam) as natural boundary(s).
If we were to refer back to ancient political geography of Tamil Nadu, the state can be also divided into the following 5 smaller states. This includes the Union Territory of Puducherry.
Thondai Naadu
Nadu Naadu
Kongu Naadu
Chola Naadu
Pandya Naadu
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A rough sketch of possible new states in Tamil Nadu based on ancient political geography. DISCLAIMER: This image is not 100% accurate. |
There are pros and cons in breaking the state.
Smaller states means better administration. With smaller states, the existing taluk divisions within each district can be upgraded into districts. It will be much more easier to manage smaller districts compared with bigger ones.
Each state will have their own police force. That could be an effective way to tackle crime as their area of concentration is now smaller.
In North India, large states were split for economic growth. The state of Uttarakhand sees rapid growth after it was split from the larger Uttar Pradesh. Similarly the state of Chattisgarh is doing better after splitting from Madhya Pradesh.
In Tamil Nadu, new districts like Virudhunagar, Dindigul were carved out of larger districts to make administration easier.
Different castes dominate different regions in Tamil Nadu. Caste reservation policy is applied for university intakes and government jobs.
If the states are split, dominant castes like Vanniyars, Kongu Vellalars and Mukkulathors will no longer need to compete with each other. This is because they are each concentrated in their own region.
Kongu Vellalars in Kongu Naadu
Vanniyars and Mudaliars in Thondai and Nadu Naadu. Mukkulathors in Chola and Pandya Naadu
The splitting of Tamil Nadu will also mean there will be 3-5 Tamil Chief Ministers. There will be more voice for the Tamil people in the Indian government.
However, there can be negative effects too.
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Major rivers of Tamil Nadu |
If Tamil Nadu is split into smaller states, each state will have control over the culture of the state.
They can even decide on matters like Tamil education. If Chola Naadu decides to revert back to Grantha script instead of Vatteluttu script, the other states cannot interfere. We will then have a segment of people who read Tamil using different scripts.
Although industrialised, Kongu or West Tamil Nadu is a landlocked area. That means they need to depend on other states including Kerala for sea products. They also need their permission to use their ports. This can impact the imports and exports.
Furthermore, if you were to look at the river map of Tamil Nadu, you will notice that the rivers cut across the regions.
Kaveri river which originates in Karnataka passes through Kongu Naadu before reaching Chola Naadu. If Kongu Naadu builds a dam, they can control the water level of Kaveri just like what Karnataka is doing to Tamil Nadu today. This can then lead to enmity between states.
All these needs to be considered before breaking the state.