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Chola Warlords: Who Were the Paluvettaraiyars?

Ponniyin Selvan I movie poster showing actor Sarathkumar as Periya Paluvettaraiyar and actor Parthiban as Chinna Paluvettaraiyar. In 2024, Oxford University Press published  Minor Majesties: The Paluvēṭṭaraiyars and Their South Indian Kingdom of Paluvūr, 9th–11th Centuries A.D ., a groundbreaking study by historian Valerie Gillet. In the book’s opening chapter, A Tentative Biography of the Paluvettaraiyars , Gillet delves into the lineage and origins of this influential fami ly.  These Chola warlords traced their lineage to the formidable Maravars, an ancient warrior tribe renowned for their valor. However, I believe that while the Paluvettaraiyars were indeed of Maravar descent, they likely forged alliances through intermarriage with those of the Kallar and Agambadiyar clans, further solidifying their power and influence. Prominent figures in the medieval Chola era, the Paluvettaraiyars played a pivotal role in shaping the empire’s political and military landscape. Through st...

Village Deities & Agamic Rules - A Tip For Tamil Nadu Archaeologists

A shrine for Saptha Kanni Devis. Click here for source. The worship of Saptamatha/Sapthakanni, Ayyanar (Sasta), Mudevi (Jyesta) is common in Tamil Nadu villages.  For some reason, Mudevi worship became less popular. Presently Hindu Saktas pray to Dhumavati and the other Hindus usually pray to Sani Bhagawan. These three deities are connected by a common symbol, the Crow. The placement of shrines of certain deities in villages was mentioned in the following chapter of the Kamika Agama.  Those who conduct archaeological studies in rural Tamil Nadu should also study the Agamas because the ancient people could have planned the settlement by following some basic rules of the Agama. If you know the Agamas, you may be able to make an educated guess on where to dig for answers. Chapter 26 (Kamika Agama) Directions for Allocation of Appropriate Places for the Deities in Villages and Other Settlements   26.7 varunyam nairrtavindre sastr sthanam prakirtitam varunyam vatha nairrtyam v...

Direct Reference To Sanskrit by Appar

The Tamil Nayanmar Thirunavukarasar @ Appar, was not only fond of Tamil but also Sanskrit. He gave importance to both languages. We have evidence from the Thirumurai to prove this.  Hymn #2552, Chapter Thiruvavaduthurai, 6th Thirumurai பந்து அணவு மெல்விரலாள் பாகன்தன்னை, பாடலோடு ஆடல் பயின்றான்தன்னை, கொந்து அணவு நறுங்கொன்றைமாலையானை, கோல மா நீலமிடற்றான்தன்னை, செந்தமிழோடு ஆரியனை , சீரியானை, திருமார்பில் புரிவெண்னூல் திகழப் பூண்ட அந்தணனை, ஆவடுதண்துறையுள் மேய அரன் அடியே அடினாயேன் அடைந்து உய்ந்தேனே! pantu aṇavu melviralāḷ pākaṉtaṉṉai, pāṭalōṭu āṭal payiṉṟāṉtaṉṉai, kontu aṇavu naṟuṅkoṉṟaimālaiyāṉai, kōla mā nīlamiṭaṟṟāṉtaṉṉai, centamiḻōṭu āriyaṉai , cīriyāṉai, tirumārpil puriveṇnūl tikaḻap pūṇṭa antaṇaṉai, āvaṭutaṇtuṟaiyuḷ mēya araṉ aṭiyē aṭināyēṉ aṭaintu uyntēṉē! Translation : He is concorporate with Her whose soft fingers sport a ball; He is the Master of song and dance; His is a wreath of fragrant konrai growing in bunches; Beauteous is His throat with the blue hue; He is Chaste Tamil...

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The Indian confusion - Race, Caste, Clan & Surnames

Before you read, keep in mind that this was not written with the intention to divide the people. It was written with the intention to explain the meaning of each group. The write up on my journey in Bali is still in progress. I have to transfer some image files in order to upload them. So I thought of writing about the biggest confusion in the Indian Malaysian community. It is a sensitive one too. But clarification should be given. Else, when are we going to understand it? To my friends of other races who happened to read my blog, this will probably be enlightening as many may not be aware of our demographics. First of all, there are two main classification for us in Malaysia. Indian & Ceylonese. Many assume it to be a homogenous race like Chinese, but it isn't. The Chinese have many languages but they have a common language called Mandarin. They also have one writing script. This is what makes the over 1 billion Chinese worldwide as a homogenous race. Ancient Chinese ...

Dogs of Tamil Nadu

Pictures taken from Google. Credit goes to the various people who uploaded them. I apologise for not being able to identify the original owner of the pics. Whenever we speak of dogs, we tend to focus on the European breeds.  This is due to their popularity and demand. Unknown to many, India has about 88 native dog breeds. Six of these breeds are from the southern state of Tamil Nadu. Most of these dogs from Tamil Nadu evolved naturally. That makes them more suitable to the hot climate in the south. Furthermore, these dogs require less medical attention as their immune system is stronger, making them less prone to disease which are common among the European breeds. In Tamil Nadu, we can find breeds like the famous Rajapalayam, Kombai, Alangu Mastiff, Chippiparai, Kanni and Malayeri. Both the Alangu Mastiff and Malayeri are now extinct. Malayeri The Malayeri (hill climber) was a shepherd dog used by the tribals to herd sheeps. It was commonly found in the hills of Tamil Na...

Muniswaran Worship

(Pictures taken from Google except for the Banyan tree) Hinduism is a world of its own. It is not a single book religion like the Abrahamic religions. It is actually a collection of various religions, philosophies, doctrines, rituals and practices. In Hinduism, worship of minor deities is also practiced. Although it is not part of mainstream Hinduism, it still plays an important part in the daily lives of many individuals and families. The worship of minor deities is much more common in rural areas. It is often more of a clan or family affair. The minor deities fall into different categories. One of it is a class of powerful spirits known as Muni. My family use to offer worship under this tree in Klang. My interest in Muni worship started at a very young age. I have always been a curious kid. I ask alot of questions.. I still am a curious person. Always looking for more clues and hopefully some answers. It is perhaps my late paternal grandmother, Letchumy, who ign...